一、if条件状语从句中有had时，可以省略if，把had放到句首，从句用倒装结构。如：
Had you reached the company earlier, you would have received the phone.
你要是早点儿到公司的话，你就会接到这个电话。
二、错综时间条件句
在错综时间条件状语从句中，虚拟条件状语从句的谓语和主句谓语表示的动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的谓语形式。如：
If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now. 如果你上次看到他时跟他说一下，现在就知道怎么做了。(从句表示对过去情况的假设，主句表示对现在情况的假设。)
If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚的那部电影。(从句表示对现在情况的假设，主句表示对过去情况的假设。)
三、含蓄条件句
有些句子中，没有任何表示虚拟条件的词、短语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气。这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟条件的部分，要么隐含在上下文中，这种句子称为含蓄条件句。如：
1. 用otherwise (否则，不然), but等暗示前面的条件。如：
He was caught in a heavy storm. Otherwise, he would have sent it there on time. 他遇上了狂风暴雨，要不然他会准时把它送到那儿。
I should have picked you up at the airport, but I was too busy this afternoon.
我本该到机场接您，但我今天下午实在太忙了。
2. 用with, without, but for等表达含蓄的条件。如：
I couldn’t have finished the report without your support.
要是没有你的支持，我不可能完成这篇报告。
3. 根据上下文用虚拟语气。如：
Such mistakes could have been avoided. (if one had been more careful)
这些错误本可以避免。(如果更认真一些)
四、虚拟语气用于其他从句中
1. 在as if (as though) 引导的方式状语从句中要用虚拟语气。从句若表示与现在情况相反，谓语动词用过去式；若表示与将来情况相反，谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”；若表示与过去情况相反，谓语用“had+过去分词”。如：
My younger brother learns Japanese so hard as if he would go to Japan.
我弟弟努力学习日语，好像他就要去日本一样。
2. if only表示“要是……就好了、但愿……”，其后要用虚拟语气。谓语用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。如：
If only I had read that Reader’s Digest! 我要是看过那本《读者文摘》多好啊！
【练一练】
Ⅰ. Make the best choices.
1. How happy we , if you had come with us to the party.
A. could be B. may have been
C. would have been D. were
2. hard in those days, he could have entered a good university.
A. Had he worked B. Were he to work
C. If he worked D. If he has worked
3. We lost our way in the forest. If only we a compass with us!
A. had taken B. took
C. have taken D. take
4. She acts as if she the host of the party.
A. has been B. was
C. would be D. had been
5. I would rather you later yesterday.
A. had left B. left
C. have left D. would have left
6. She to the party, but she had to look after her child.
A. had come B. came
C. should have come D. must have come
7. If I that bus, I in my office now.
A. didn’t take; wasn’t working
B. haven’t taken; wouldn’t be working
C. hadn’t taken; wouldn’t have worked
D. hadn’t taken; wouldn’t be working
8. If you were older, I you to go there yesterday.
A. would have allowed B. will allow
C. should allow D. had allowed
9. He describes the accident as though he it himself.
A. sees B. saw
C. would see D. had seen
10. But for your suggestion, I the work so smoothly and early.
A. hadn’t finished B. wouldn’t have finished
C. haven’t finished D. didn’t finish
Ⅱ. Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning (one word for each blank).
1. If I had come home earlier, I would have seen you.
→ , I would have seen you.
2. I went to see the film yesterday. Otherwise, I would have missed such a good film.
→ I went to see the film yesterday. , I would have missed such a good film.
3. If we had not listened to your advice, we couldn’t have won the game.
→ your advice, we couldn’t have won the game.
→ your advice, we couldn’t have won the game.
→ your advice, we couldn’t have won the game.
4. How I wish I had told him the truth!
→ !
Key:
Ⅰ. 1-5 CAABA 6-10 CDADB
Ⅱ. 1. Had I come home earlier
2. If I hadn’t gone
3. Without; But for; If it had not been for
4. If only I had told him the truth
【关闭】
